How Metering and Dosing Pumps Work During Clean-in-place
In addition to maintaining hygienic standards essential to processing, CIP is key to operational safety.计量和计量泵自动为CIP系统添加化学品，以确保准确性并防止员工暴露于潜在的危险化学品。In this post, we explain a variety of pump designs for chemical addition during CIP and how they transfer caustics, acids, sanitizer/disinfectants, and sterilizers to meet requirements for effective, repeatable clean-in-place cycles.
Air-operated double-diaphragm (AODD) pumps
隔膜泵是使用弹性室和杆产生泵送动作的相对简单的装置。位于两个弹性腔室之间的阀门交替地对腔室交替加压和通风，以转移化学品。
AODD泵handle a variety of feeds including abrasive and shear sensitive fluids. They are limited to low pressure applications. If the processing environment does not permit electrical equipment, as in explosive-chemical applications, air operated double diaphragm pumps may be the best solution.
Diaphragm pumps are also excellent for metering applications where highly accurate volume control is critical. For this reason, they are commonly used in high-purity processing for dosing, coating and filling operations, chromatography, fluid injection, and aseptic transfer of proteins, cells and other materials.
Some air-operated double-diaphragm在制药，生物技术和食品工业中的无菌应用泵通过设计无菌，没有水平区域。无菌泵由EHEDG认证，并符合FDA，USP类VI和ATEX标准。
Operators drain such diaphragm pumps by magnetically lifting valve balls from the outside. The pump has no drives, no rotating parts, and no shaft seals within the fluid. This specialized design—with the integrated cleaning system—have clean-in-place (CIP) and sterilization-in-place (SIP) capabilities.
Double diaphragm pumps have two side housings with a center housing between them. Side housings contain product chambers separated by a diaphragm that moves back and forth. Compressed air moves the diaphragm, displacing liquid from one chamber through a discharge port while drawing fluid into the second chamber.
AODD泵是可靠的，因为它们具有很少的移动部件，并且其腔室容积足够大以维持流通并防止堵塞。
蠕动泵
Used for dosing and metering of CIP chemicals, peristaltic pumps use a flexible tube and pinching rollers to draw chemicals into an inlet and push chemicals out of an outlet to add or dose accurate volumes of CIP chemicals.
By design, nothing but the pump tube comes in contact with the fluid, eliminating the risk of cross-contamination. Also, the完全关闭在螺母挤压时轨道和滚轮之间的管子使泵成为一个正排量动作，这会防止回流并消除泵在泵未运行时对止回阀的需求。
没有液体路径中的密封件，阀门或移动部件，peristaltic pumps非常适用于卫生环境。为了确保产品质量永远不会受到损害，流体非常轻微地泵送，并且具有极低的剪切力。额外的好处包括低维护要求和快速产品转换。
Pump Repair & Remanufacture
Is a worn out pump costing you money?
Return your pump to its original performance with CSI’s pump repair and remanufacture program. Our factory-trained technicians service pumps from many manufacturers, including:
- 阿尔法拉瓦尔
- Ampco
- Axiflow.
- Fristam
- Mouvex.
- Netzch
- SPX/APV
- Waukesha
- 瓦伦
化学Basics
以下是一些常见的CIP化学品和他们使用的一般指导方针。Given the many variables that go into selecting the right chemicals and pumps for each CIP application, contacting your CIP engineering partner is a good practice.
右浓度的右化学清洁剂对CIP系统的效率产生显着差异。正确使用时，CIP清洁剂
- Reduce surface tension of water, making it easier for the cleaning solution to penetrate soil
- 分解土壤和表面之间的粘接力
- Soften fats so they can be rinsed away
- Dissolve soils for easier cleaning
- Emulsify water-soluble soil in the cleaning solution for easier transport
Without chemical additives, mostCIP系统仍然达到合理的清洁和安全水平，但时间，行动和温度才能增加。
Caustic
也称为苛性钠，氢氧化钠或NaOH。这是具有非常高的pH的碱，其通常用于0.5-2.0％的浓度范围。高达4％的浓度可用于高度污染的表面。
- Typically used as the main detergent in most CIP wash cycles
- Softens fats, making them easier to remove
- 非发泡配方可以帮助减少泵空化并提高效率
Acid
硝酸是sca的最常用的清洗le removal and pH stabilization after a caustic wash. At a typical concentration of 0.5%, it can be used effectively at lower temperatures than caustic solutions, requiring less heating.
有时使用磷酸，但有些不太常见。
- 定期用奶制使用奶制或“牛奶石”使用
- 通过去除钙化矿物污渍，优质地为亮起变色的不锈钢
- 必须谨慎使用，因为它们可以在系统中攻击一些弹性体gaskets或者valve seatscausing premature degradation or failure
Tip:Acid wash should not precede a caustic wash when removing milk deposits as acid could cause protein precipitation thus making the deposits more difficult to remove
Sanitizer/Disinfectant
消毒剂的工作，也称为消毒剂，是将微生物减少到一个水平，他们不会对食品安全或公共卫生构成风险。
For many years various hypochlorite solutions (potassium, sodium or calcium), also known as “hypo,” have been used as sanitizers in many CIP cycles.
Their active ingredient is chlorine (bleach) so they
- 使用相对便宜
- 作为易于乳制品诸如乳制品的细菌生长的土壤的消毒是非常有效的
- 可以对不锈钢造成非常有害，引起染色，腐蚀和蚀
- 可能会导致一些重大环境问题when dissolved in wastewater streams by killing vital microorganisms in streams and waterways
Chlorine dioxide has been used as an alternative to hypochlorite solutions in cleaning applications with high organic loads such as poultry or fruit processing. It has much more oxidizing power than bleach but is less corrosive to equipment and is less harmful to the environment.
In recent years more sanitation managers have turned away from bleach-based sanitizers in favor of peracetic acid (PAA). A combination of hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid, it is a strong disinfectant even at low temperatures and rinses away well leaving little or no chlorine residue to corrode stainless steel. It is effective against spoilage organisms, pathogens and bacterial spores. It has also proven to be more eco-friendly in the wastewater stream. Peracetic acid has a strong, pungent odor so it should only be used in well-ventilated areas.
应始终采取护理，从系统中彻底冲洗所有消毒剂，以降低腐蚀不锈钢的风险，如果与酸混合，可以腐蚀不锈钢和潜在的氯气。还应注意，通过施加热水（约195-205°F为15-20分钟）或低压蒸汽，可以在不使用任何化学物质的情况下对系统进行消毒而不使用任何化学物质。这些非化学选项中的两种通常在生物药物应用中可能需要提高能源成本。
灭菌器
Sterilizing a system means completely eliminating all living microorganisms. Sterilization can be done using chemicals but it is usually done with high pressure steam (approx. 250° F for 30 minutes).
While food, dairy and beverage processing plants seldom require sterilization in their CIP process,它是药物或延长保质期（ESL）产品的常见清洁操作。
Bonus Tips When Using Chemicals
1. Elevating the temperature清洁溶液提高了土壤去除效率。加热溶液所需的额外能量增加了该过程的成本，但具有高动能的热分子脱落土壤比冷溶液中的缓慢分子更快。
2. A concentrated cleaning solution比稀释溶液更好地清洁脏表面。更多化学品意味着更多的金钱，但较高浓度的表面结合能力越来越好，更快地清洁。
3.较长的洗涤剂接触暴露清洁比较短的曝光时间更好。更多时间花费清洁意味着更少的时间制作盈利产品，但随着时间的推移，化学品溶解来自表面的硬土。
4. Chemical solutions can lose their strength over time。Check the concentration of your wash solutions daily and adjust or replace them as needed.
Recovery and re-use
Environmental impact issues and chemical costs in the 1960s and 1970s drove the move to CIP systems that could re-use caustic and acid solutions. In situations where there is light to moderate soiling, the wash solutions can be returned to their appropriate CIP tank and be re-used for subsequent cycles. The number of cleaning cycles that wash solutions can be re-used for will vary depending on the amount of soiling and the chemical concentration, but re-using some solutions for dozens of washes is not uncommon.
对于沉重的污染应用，重新使用洗涤溶液并不实用，因此通常在一次使用后送到漏极。如果您的清洁协议要求在批次之间发生完全没有交叉污染，则应始终使用一次使用系统。
In many systems, it is common for the final rinse water to be recovered and reused as the pre-rinse solution for the next cleaning cycle. The residual heat and chemicals it retains from the final rinse will help make the following pre-rinse more effective and economical. However, the solution from the sanitizing rinse cycle should never be re-circulated under any circumstances. Sanitizers reduce bacterial growth but don’t completely kill all pathogens in the system so, since it is the last step in the cleaning process, re-circulating the sanitizing solution could run the risk of spreading any leftover contamination that might be present. Sanitizers can also be sensitive to high temperatures and can lose their effectiveness fairly rapidly once they are in solution.
Clean-in-place Buying Guide
此类清理解决方案的购买指南是设计，拥有或操作处理系统的任何人的全面资源，并希望有关CIP系统的所有方面的信息。
关于CSI.
Central States Industrial Equipment (CSI) is a leader in distribution of hygienic pipe, valves, fittings, pumps, heat exchangers, and MRO supplies for hygienic industrial processors, with four distribution facilities across the U.S. CSI also provides detail design and execution for hygienic process systems in the food, dairy, beverage, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and personal care industries. Specializing in process piping, system start-ups, and cleaning systems, CSI leverages technology, intellectual property, and industry expertise to deliver solutions to processing problems. More information can be found atwww.xxshagua.com。